The Liao state (916-1125) was founded by non-Chinese Khitans in the northeast periphery of the T'ang empire. The nomadic Khitans had no glazed pottery tradition, but they occupied territory that had kilns and they soon employed Chinese potters and sponsored ceramic production. Liao ceramics were rather limited in scope, including white porcelain, white stonewares, and lead green, yellow, and brown glazes that loosely paralleled T'ang (618-906) and Sung (960-1279) styles, including san-ts'ai (three-color) ware.

This large vessel has an ovoid lower section surmounted by a bulbous neck of almost spherical form. Commonly referred to as a gourd or "double gourd," the unusual shape was adopted to vases and ewers during the Sung in a variety of glazes. The early white porcelaneous stoneware vessels of the Liao dynasty are a well-known category, but fine examples are rare and no other large vase of this distinctive form appears to have been recorded.