Roycroft Shops American , active 1895-1938 Side chair, 1900–1905 H. 47 1/2 x W. 17 3/16 x D. 18 15/16 in.

Three companies are readily identified with Arts and Crafts (or Mission) furnishings: Roycroft, Gustav Stickley, and Limbert. Of these, Roycroft, founded by Elbert Hubbard, made the most austere and rectilinear furniture. Hubbard, in fact, equated lack of decoration, simple construction, and honesty in materials with moral rectitude. This chair bears the Roycroft mark and a cross with an orb, which signified unity and infinity. Hubbard and his wife perished on the Lusitania when it sank in 1915, but his workshops survived until 1938.